Shareholder disputes are conflicts or disagreements that occur between shareholders of a company. These disputes can arise due to various reasons, including disagreement over company policies, decisions, or financial matters. Here are some examples of shareholder disputes:

1. Voting rights: Shareholders may dispute over voting rights and the influence they have on decision-making processes. This could involve disagreements on corporate governance, executive appointments, or major business decisions.

2. Dividend distribution: Shareholders may disagree on the company’s dividend policy, particularly if they believe that the company is not distributing profits fairly or if they think dividends should be reinvested back into the company.

3. Financial mismanagement: Shareholders may dispute the way company funds are managed or allocated. This could involve accusations of fraud, embezzlement, or excessive executive compensation.

4. Capital raising: Disputes can arise when a company decides to raise additional capital through issuing new shares. Existing shareholders may feel their ownership or control over the company is diluted, leading to conflicts with other shareholders or management.

5. Share valuation: Shareholders may dispute the valuation of their shares during transactions like buyouts, mergers, or acquisitions. If shareholders have different opinions on the fair value of their shares, it can lead to conflicts on the terms and conditions of such deals.

6. Shareholder oppression: In closely-held companies, minority shareholders may feel oppressed or unfairly treated by majority shareholders or the company’s management. They may claim that majority shareholders are exercising their power in an oppressive manner to benefit themselves at the expense of minority shareholders.

7. Breach of fiduciary duty: Shareholders can dispute the conduct of directors or executives if they believe that they have breached their fiduciary duties. This could include allegations of self-dealing, conflicts of interest, or not acting in the best interest of the company or its shareholders.

It’s worth noting that these examples are not exhaustive, and shareholder disputes can occur in various other scenarios depending on the specific circumstances and dynamics within a company. Resolving these disputes often requires legal intervention, such as arbitration or litigation, to protect the rights and interests of shareholders.